从“最强酸碱”话题入手介绍超强酸、超强碱

酸碱质子理论是普通化学中的重要模块。学习酸碱质子理论一般从弱酸水溶液入手,若将应用范围扩展为所有含质子的化合物,该理论将被赋予更多的内涵。在含质子的已知化合物中,K_a的范围十分宽广,跨越了100个数量级以上。哪种酸碱“最强”一直是学生间喜闻乐见的话题,以此话题出发,介绍了常见的超强酸、超强碱与相关概念及应用。这些概念的介绍不仅拓展了学生的视野,更能够加深学生对酸碱质子理论的理解,对未来分析化学、无机化学、有机化学的教育产生积极意义。     

Multilayer Porous Vanadium Nitride Microsheets Anodes for Highly Stable Na-ion Batteries

Sodiumion batteries(SIBs)have attracted intensive attention as promising alternative to lithium-ionbatteries(LIBs)for large scale energy storage systems because of low cost of sodium,similar energy storage mechanism and the reasonable performance.However,it is still a great challenge to search and design a robust structure of anode materials with excellent cycling stability and high rate capability for SIBs.Herein,multilayer porous vanadium nitride(VN)microsheets are synthesized through a facile and scalable hydrothermal synthesis-nitrogenization strategy as an effective anode material for SIBs.The multilayer porous VN microsheets not only offer more active sites for fast Na+insertion/extraction process and short diffusion pathway,but also effectively buffer the volume change of anode due to more space in the multilayer porous structure.The large proportions of capacitive behavior imply that the Na+charge storage depends on the intercalation pseudocapacitive mechanism.The multilayer porous VN microsheets electrodes manifest excellent cycling stability and rate capability,delivering a discharge capacity of 156.1 mA·h/g at 200 mA/g after 100 cycles,and a discharge capacity of 111.9 mA·h/g at 1.0 A/g even after 2300 cycles with the Coulombic efficiency of nearly 100%.     

Microwave-assisted Catalyzed Synthesis and In vitro Bioactivity Evaluation of Benzimidazoles Bearing Phenolic Hydroxyl

An efficient and facile method was introduced for the synthesis of benzimidazoles in this paper. The optimum reaction conditions were determined. A series of benzimidazoles bearing phenolic hydroxyl(2a-2t) were synthesized in moderate to excellent yields starting from differently substituted hydroxyl benzaldehyde and 4-position substituted o-phenylenediamine via nucleophilic addition in the presence of catalyst Na₂S₂O₅ under microwave irradiation condition. Herein, effects of the catalyst, molar ratio of reactants, reaction temperature and solvent were investigated. The optimal reaction condition was determined. The effect of DMF and EtOH solvent on the reaction was compared. The synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR, HRMS, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. Further, the bacteriostatic activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated with ciprofloxacin and itraconazole as a positive control, respectively. Compounds 2b, 2n, 2q and 2r exhi-bited some antibacterial activity. The lowest MIC of antibacterial activity of compound 2b was 32 μg/mL. Meanwhile, the luminescence property of compound 2b was studied. The antibacterial activity of compound 2b, along with their good fluorescence performance highlighted the potential of these compounds as lead structures and owned fluorescence trace for further study towards the development of novel drugs and functional mechanisms in living organisms.     

Organic Nanocrystals Based on a Solid-emission-tunable AIEgen for Cell Imaging

The development of fluorescent nanocrystals based on organic small molecules is of great importance in bioimaging due to the merits of easy modification,high brightness and excellent photostability,however suffering from the emission-detrimental aggregation-caused quenching(ACQ)effect.Herein,we successfully designed and synthesized an AIE-active di(N,N-dimethylaniline)-dibenzofulvene(named as NFTPE),which exhibits the crystallization-induced emission enhancement(CIEE)effect.Interestingly,two types of yellow-and orange-emissive crystals for NFTPE were obtained,exhibiting aggregation microenvironment-dependent emission tuning in the solid state.Single-crystal analysis and density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that different aggregation microenvironments result in the distinct molecular conformation for various emission.Excitingly,the crystallization of NFTPE in an aqueous solution under the assistance of amphiphilic PEG polymer matrices could be monitored in situ by the fluorescence changes,facilitating the preparation of NFTPE nanocrystals(NFTPE-NCs)by adjusting the aggregation microenvironment.The obtained NFTPE-NCs exhibit the superior performance in cell imaging in respect to high brightness,photostability,and biocompatibility,thus demonstrating the potential in bioimaging applications.     

AAO辅助三唑亚铁纳米材料:一维限制生长和二维表面成膜及自旋转换性能

通过连续多步自组装的方式分别将三唑亚铁（SCO1）和氨基三唑亚铁（SCO2）自旋转换纳米材料生长于氧化铝模板（AAO）的孔道内和表面上。利用扫描电镜（SEM）、红外光谱（IR）、粉末X射线衍射（PXRD）、拉曼光谱（Raman）等手段对SCO1-1D+2D和SCO2-1D+2D纳米材料进行表征,SEM表明随着自组装时间的增加,球状的SCO纳米颗粒生长于AAO孔道内,并逐渐形成1D的纳米结构,而在AAO表面则形成致密均匀的SCO-2D薄膜。两种SCO-1D+2D纳米粒子都具有两步自旋行为（SCO1-1D+2D：T_c1↑=319 K,T_c1↓=313 K,T_c2↑=381 K,T_c2↓=340 K;SCO2-1D+2D：T_c1↑=181 K,T_c1↓=155 K,T_c2↑=246 K,T_c2↓=233 K）。对相应的SCO-1D和SCO-2D磁性结果表明,两步自旋转换行为的产生是由于SCO组装体形貌的差异。其中,低温区的自旋转换行为是由生长于AAO表面的SCO-2D自旋转换性能所致,而发生在更高温度的第二阶段的自旋转换行为则归因于生长于AAO孔道内的SCO-1D的自旋转换性能。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱检测食品中的牛奶过敏原酪蛋白

基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱系统,建立了食品中牛奶过敏原酪蛋白的快速筛查和定量检测方法。样品经缓冲液提取后,采用5 kD超滤膜去除小分子杂质,得到蛋白质提取液。以数据依赖采集(data-dependent acquisition,DDA)方式获得全扫描质谱图,进行蛋白质定性确证,以平行反应监测(parallel reaction monitoring,PRM)技术对目标特征肽段进行定量分析。针对特征肽段,设计并合成了内标肽和内标物质,以降低基质效应和抵消处理过程中的损失。该方法应用于食品中的α-酪蛋白、β-酪蛋白和κ-酪蛋白的快速筛查和定量检测。结果表明,该方法在5~250μg/L范围内线性关系良好,定量限为0.2~5.5μg/kg,平均回收率在68.8%~104.4%之间,RSD6%。该方法可用于果汁饮料、果酱、面包、早餐谷物中牛奶过敏原酪蛋白的快速筛查和定量分析。     

铌酸锰-还原氧化石墨烯复合光催化剂的构建以及可见光下降解亚甲基蓝

通过水热法和光还原方法成功地制备了铌酸锰-还原氧化石墨烯复合光催化剂。这种复合光催化剂可以明显地提高光催化降解亚甲基蓝的光催化活性,降解效率在60 min内达到了78.2%,是单体铌酸锰降解效率的2倍。通过活性物质捕获实验的研究,增强的光催化性能可以归因于还原氧化石墨烯加速了光生电子-空穴的分离效率,进而解决了低光催化活性的问题。     

由半刚性三羧酸配体构筑的一维和二维钴(Ⅱ)配位聚合物的合成、晶体结构及磁性质

采用水热方法,用半刚性三羧酸配体（H₃cpta）和菲咯啉（phen）或2,2''-联吡啶（2,2''-bipy）与CoCl₂·6H₂O反应,合成了一个一维链状配位聚合物[Co（μ2-Hcpta）（phen）（H₂O）]_n（1）和一个二维层状配位聚合物[Co₃（μ5-cpta）₂（2,2''-bipy）₂]_n（2）,并对其结构和磁性质进行了研究。结构分析结果表明2个配合物均属于单斜晶系,P2_1/c空间群。配合物1具有一维链状结构,而且这些一维链状结构通过C-H…O氢键作用进一步形成了二维超分子网络。而配合物2具有由三核钴单元构筑的二维层状结构。研究表明,配合物1和2中相邻钴离子间存在反铁磁相互作用。     

无溶剂研磨合成双核席夫碱配合物及多组分自分类行为

利用手动研磨法在无溶剂条件下通过1,4-二(咪唑-2-甲醛)丁烷(A)、2,4-二亚甲基-二(咪唑-2-甲醛)-三甲基苯(B)、2,5-二亚甲基-二(咪唑-2-甲醛)-对-二甲苯(C)中的任一组分与N-乙基乙二胺(D)和三氟甲磺酸亚铁组装合成3个Fe(Ⅱ)席夫碱配合物1、2和3。X射线单晶衍射表明,配合物1结晶于空间群Cmca,2和3结晶于空间群P21/c。1~3中每个Fe(Ⅱ)与配体中6个氮原子配位形成变形八面体FeN_6配位环境;每个双臂六齿配体螯合2个亚铁离子,而每个亚铁离子被2条配体包裹形成Fe_2L_2型双核配合物。基于以上配合物的合成,我们详细研究了混合多组分间的固态自分类行为。研究表明,多组分[D+A+B+Fe~(2+)]或[D+A+C+Fe~(2+)]发生自恋型自分类;而多组分[D+B+C+Fe~(2+)]发生群体型自分类,形成了一个由2个不同类型配体构筑的Fe2LL′杂配型配合物4,同时X射线单晶衍射确证了4的结构。此外,通过与溶液中自分类的对比,我们发现该体系固态自分类表现出更为高效的特点。     

纺丝法制备木质素基碳纤维的研究进展

目前全球制备碳纤维主要以聚丙烯腈(PAN)或沥青为原丝,但是这类碳纤维制备成本高,限制了其自动化工业领域的大规模应用。木质素由于具有较高的含碳量和碳化收率高,其可以作为前驱体来制备碳纤维。作为一种新型材料,木质素基碳纤维因其具有价格低廉、环保、原料丰富、可实现废弃资源再生利用等优点而备受关注。本文详细介绍了木质素的分类及结构特征,阐述了不同纺丝方法制备的碳纤维的力学性能,并对其未来发展进行展望。